Plant biomass wastes are organic materials that come from agricultural activities and are generally used to generate electricity or heat, as for example biofuels and biogas. The transformation of biomass waste into value-added products is a new area of great interest, in line with the concepts of the circular economy, which promotes the innovative use of waste materials to develop marketable products, with the combined results of economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability.
Plant biomass wastes are organic materials that come from agricultural activities and are generally used to generate electricity or heat, as for example biofuels and biogas. The transformation of biomass waste into value-added products is a new area of great interest, in line with the concepts of the circular economy, which promotes the innovative use of waste materials to develop marketable products, with the combined results of economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability.聚（丁烯己二酸丁酯 - 共 - 对苯二甲酸酯）
生物质的废物是便宜的，可生物降解和环保的，并且越来越多地集成在基于与可生物降解的聚合物混合的塑料的复合材料中。已经开始研究植物生物质组分（纤维素，半纤维素和木质素）以形成用于食品包装的新材料。
罗马尼亚和波兰研究中心的合作研究（I. Spiridon et al2020）导致制备含有玉米淀粉，Ecoflex®和生物质废物的新可生物降解的复合材料。通常，天然和合成聚合物都可以用作可生物降解复合材料的碱性材料。
多糖,包括淀粉、纤维素、半cellulose and chitosan, are widely used as natural polymers. In particular, corn starch being one of the most inexpensive, readily available and biodegradable materials, has been used as a matrix to obtain different “green” composites. Unfortunately, its hydrophilicity (i.e. its tendency to bind with water and its capacity to absorb and retain water) is responsible for its incompatibility with most hydrophobic polymers.
然而，其与可生物降解的聚酯混合近年来用于获得具有良好机械和耐水性的复合材料。在本研究中，由Basf（德国）产生的聚（丁烯己二酸丁二醇酯），PBAT的EcoFlex®用作可生物降解的聚酯。该聚酯的结构使微生物可降解;它是疏水性，具有出色的成膜能力，但不幸的是它具有低强度和低耐热性。
已经研究了该聚酯并用于形成复合材料，其中将生物质废物添加为填料，其性质和含量对于最终复合材料的性质非常重要。在这种情况下，废物生物量的整合可能非常有用，因为大大提高了复合材料的性质;特别是它导致其机械性能的增加和吸水率降低。本研究研究了添加以下生物质废物的效果，已经广泛用作复合材料中的填料：
- Grape pomace, which is the skin of the grape and is a by-product from the wine industry. Its characteristic is that it consists of polyphenols, which are the basis of the lignin structure;
- 芹菜在全球范围内培养并用于化学工业和医学;
- Asclepias Syriaca，这是一种原产于加拿大和美国的植物;
- 杨树种子头发纤维，收集在美国，非常适用于保温应用;
- lignin obtained with the LignoBoost® process, a patented process for the production of high quality lignin with modular and reproducible properties. This material was included in the study because lignin is the most attractive component of biomass, because it is able to modify the properties of the composites to which it is added, even at low load material, such as 5% by weight.
属性
这种生物质具有截然不同的化学组成。它们中的每一个用于通过用淀粉和Ecoflex®熔融复合制备复合材料，而不含甘油加入。所有得到的制剂具有良好的性质，特别是：
- good mechanical properties. With respect to a reference material based on starch and Ecoflex® prepared under the same processing conditions, an increase in tensile strength of 125.4% was observed for the materials comprising celery, of 109.6% for the materials comprising poplar seed hair fibers, of 92.9% for the materials comprising pomace and of 127.7% for those comprising Asclepias syriaca;
- 对微生物的良好抗菌性能，特别是Staphilcoccus aureus和大肠杆菌;
- Good water resistance.
The good properties observed can have a high potential for the application of these composites in the production of packaging materials. In addition, a preliminary evaluation of the manufacturing costs of these composites showed that the use of corn starch as matrix and of waste fibers as filler contributes to a substantial improvement in sustainability by reducing the environmental charges associated with the exploitation of fossil fuels.
然而，在将市场放在市场之前，需要对使用这些材料进行食物包装材料的环境和社会经济益处进行更深入的评估。因此，可以得出结论，这项研究突出了淀粉，Ecoflex®和不同生物量来源在开发新的生物复合材料中的巨大潜力，并揭示了以环保和可持续的方式使用可再生资源来开发新材料的实际可能性。
References,spiridon等人，国际生物大分子156,2020,1435-1444。
