目前有46个乳制品GIS，但价值创造率高度集中，占总营业额的89％由五个PDO奶酪代表。
意大利农业食品系统拥有最多的食品，具有地理标志（PDO / PGI / TSG）识别，在欧盟所有食品领域的1124中有248个。仔细观察意大利GIS的经济重要性表明，在价值创造方面强烈集中：总营业额的94％是由前20个PDO / PGI产品产生的。生产总值占65亿欧元（消费11.8）。最高的经济重要性与乳制品部门的面额相关联，占总汇率总数的57.5％。
数据和数字
意大利可能被定义为奶酪国家：74％的牛奶生产的奶酪加工，但它的46％进入了传统的GI奶酪。还有79％的母羊和78％的水牛牛奶进入特定的PDO奶酪，如Pecorino Romano和Mozzarella di Bufala Campana。目前有46个乳制品GIS：43 PDO Cheeses，2 PDO Ricotta，1 PGI奶酪。价值创建高度集中，占总营业额的89％由五个PDO（Parmigiano Reggiano，Grana Padano，Gorgonzola，Mozzarella di Bufala Campana和Pecorino Romano）代表，而其他人的范围从9％达到总数的9％至0.001％gi奶酪营业额。然而，单独的Grana Padano和Parmigiano Reggiano占总营业额的73％。只有在定义的生产区域中获得的牛奶可以用来使GIS成为产品规格，其传统和起源的两个因素。GI奶酪的总产量约为489,000吨，在1,700件乳制品植物中获得。其中，出口了125,000吨。大约30％的Grana Padano，Parmigiano Reggiano和Gorgonzola出口。 The total value of dairy GIs at origin amounts to 3.8 billion € (+ 10.1% in 2011) and 4.4 billion € at consumption. Almost all GI cheeses show an upward trend with an increasingly positive image both in the domestic and in the export market. Therefore it is crucial for the Italian dairy industry to maintain, develop and protect the system. GIs represent an essential tool for the Italian dairy industry to be competitive on the market. Compared to the most relevant EU milking countries, Italy is characterized by two aspects: an insufficient (cow) milk production with a relevant import of milk and dairy products; and a dispersed production structure. With the French group Lactalis taking control of Parmalat, Italy is not present any more in the world dairy market with a global player. In this context, Italian industry has a strategic interest in the production of traditional PDO cheeses and it is not surprising if there is a common position among the different actors in the production chain to promote and defend GIs. While an important part of the fluid milk, especially UHT, is imported, most of the domestically produced milk goes either to pasteurized milk consumption or to GI cheeses. Therefore both in terms of number of protected products – Italy has the second number of dairy GIs after France – and especially in quantity, the figures are the most relevant in the European quality policy sector. This rich and heterogeneous patrimony is shared by several actors with specific organizations in a collective system through common bodies named Consorzi di tutela, capable of defending the product’s reputation and of maintaining its quality. The Consorzio is the producer’s group, a voluntary association of the producers representing at least ¾ of the total PDO quantity, which oversees legal protection, product specification and product advertising and promotion. It is approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. The certification system is carried on by independent organizations responsible for auditing the adherence to the PDO’s code of practices. The control organizations are accredited by the national body Accredia. The system is financed directly by the producers.
将来
这一原始但重要的意大利乳制品行业竞争力的重要系统，必须面临全球化的挑战。典型的生产因素和技术以及相关数量的小规模乳制品植物似乎没有回应现有的融合，收购和大型投资趋势，这些趋势表征乳制品公司。可能，维持这些传统产品竞争的策略应以典型因素的典型因素的典型因素为基础，其应包括生产链和研究的所有行动者。
由Leo Bertozzi.
