许多食品企业的热电联产和技巧植物是真实的。他们提供了相当大的优势，从经济，环境和精力充沛的观点来看，允许以极具吸引力的价格产生能量，提高植物的能量效率，减少消耗并恢复否则将被消散的热量。所有这一切都具有重要的削减2在大气中的排放，符合近期立法。许多食品企业正在使用热电联产和技巧植物。有几个原因，特别是环境和经济，还有监管。热电发电厂和传统锅炉产生污染排放，例如氮气和硫，二氧化碳，烃以及颗粒污染物的氧化物，这显着导致温室效应。在规范场中，第102个DD。2014年7月4日，允许公司实施减少能源消耗，即使在不合规情况下也是惩罚。特别地，可以通过使用可再生能源来实现化石燃料的使用，提高发电系统的效率，例如热电联产和三处组织系统，这也被欧洲议会支持的欧洲议会作为符合目标的技术支持京都议定书。
热电联产
热电联产是电能和热量的综合生产。特别地，也称为组合热量和发电或简单的CHP的热电联产是一种涉及在单个发电厂生产两种类型的能量的方法。事实上，可以使用一个初级能源在单个植物中产生两种类型的能量，这可以是天然气，生物柴油或生物量。如果系统基于多个工作换档和/或每年至少3500小时的加热和冷却消耗，同时加热和冷却电荷，则可以最大限度地利用热电联产产生的益处。因此，热电联产是对使用大量电力和热量的食品企业的优秀解决方案，更加努力。热电联产能够实现环境，经济和能源效益。通过将热电设备的效率与热电发电站中的能量和锅炉中的热量进行比较，它会产生30-40％的燃料。有时候，温室排放甚至减少，特别是CO2，由于燃料消耗降低。该公司甚至更少依赖化石来源。可再生能源的使用也与激励措施和低税制有关，作为天然气阻塞。高性能热电联产厂，容量超过200千瓦，可以向电网销售电力。此外，它们可以从能效证书中受益，更好地称为白色证书。热电联产优化了产生的功率的使用，因为随着传统植物，热量不会浪费到环境中，但恢复并重新使用。通常，在热电设备中，仅将35％的燃料转换为电力。这意味着至少65％以热量（热能）释放到环境中。强大的植物（电机）实现更高的性能，但是从未超过55％。当植物产生热电联产功能时，它的性能甚至可以达到85％。 Cogeneration plants, in fact, prevent that this significant amount of energy is wasted, with relevant economic savings, due to the production of energy at lower costs and to the possibility of benefiting of these incentives. Cogeneration plants are thermoelectric plants, where hot water or process steam generated by a prime mover, powered with fossil (natural gas, oil) or organic non-fossil fuel (biomasses, biogas, synthesis gas), are recovered for the production of thermal energy, frequently used in food industries. The engine is connected to an electric generator that produces electrical energy. The heat generated in cylinders, lubrication oil and exhaust emissions, usually would be released in the environment. In a cogeneration plant, instead, it is recovered and transformed into thermal energy by the heat exchangers. Cogeneration in general is suitable even where there is a lack of space, because one plant carries out the work of two.
热电联产技术
热电联产工厂的不同技术基于主要搬运工。热电联产工厂中最常用的发动机是往复式内燃机，气体或蒸汽涡轮机，以及组合的气体和汽轮机厂。在往复式内燃（柴油或奥托循环）发动机中，从废气排放和发动机冷却剂获得热量。在燃气轮机中，燃料在燃烧室中燃烧并用涡轮机内的压缩空气膨胀。在膨胀期间，空气/燃料混合物与涡轮机叶片相互作用，使得转子可以旋转和产生机械能，其用于通过交流发电机产生电力。从涡轮机内的气体的气体温度量大约450-550℃。由于热交换器，它们可用于生产热水或蒸汽。这种类型的热电联产植物的容量约为。88％。相反，在蒸汽轮机中，蒸汽由发电机产生并在高压下在涡轮机内部膨胀。 In this case, steam makes the rotor turn to generate mechanical energy, which is then transformed into electrical energy by an alternator. This cycle can be combined with a gas turbine, creating a combined cycle as mentioned before. In this case, the heat recovered from the exhaust fumes of the gas turbine are used by a heat exchanger to generate the steam needed to feed the steam turbine. Steam turbines and combined cycles are high-performing plants, and for this reason they are used in industrial plants. However, next to traditional technologies there are also several innovative technologies such as Organic Rankine Cycle turbogenerators, micro-turbines, plants with Stirling engines and fuel cells. ORC turbogenerators are turbines similar to steam turbines, that instead of steam use heating oil vaporised using the heat of a hot source (such as boilers or solar captors). The fluid that leaves the turbine, releases its heat for various industrial processes; and when it is cooled, it returns to the evaporator, closing the thermodynamic cycle. These plants are used in medium-small factories, and can be fed with biomass. They are characterised by high electrical (18%) and thermal efficiency (80%), low maintenance and long life. Yet, they are quite bulky and perform from 200 kW upwards, so they are not suitable for micro-cogeneration. Micro-turbines are ideal for mini- and macro-cogeneration, because their range goes from 1 kW to tens if not hundreds of kW. They use natural gas, propane, kerosene, diesel oil and biogas. They achieve 25-35% electrical efficiency and, compared to internal combustion engines, they are silent, less polluting, have less moving parts – hence less wear parts – but they are more expensive. The gas, released at temperatures above 250°C, is recovered to generate steam or hot water. Fuel cells generate electrical power by means of an electro-chemical reaction starting from the hydrogen and oxygen present in the atmosphere. Fuel cells are very silent, have zero emissions, and are compact: this property makes them ideal for mini- and micro-cogeneration. The capacity of a fuel cell is comprised between 40 and 60%. A Stirling engine is a combustion engine, in which heat is supplied from an external exchanger. The overall performance, comprising the thermal and electrical performance, is very high and can reach even 90%. These engines are very silent and require little maintenance. However, they are still very expensive and bulky. Stirling engines can be combined with gasification processes, allowing the use of biomasses as fuel, for the production of gas to be used in the combustion chamber. In this case, CO2排放相互抵消，使过程更加环保。
光伏的热电联产
光伏发电是一种特殊的热电联产类型 - 更具绿色导向。在这种情况下，光伏工艺不使用的太阳能的一部分以热或光能的形式回收。热水可用于产生卫生热水，或用于低温加热设备，就像传统的热太阳能厂一样。即使在这种情况下，总植物性能也会增加，因为光伏太阳能水加热系统的容量增加了15％，它通常达到光伏发电至约58％的性能，因为否则将浪费的热量恢复和使用。光伏性能通常改善，因为光伏 - 热系统冷却光伏模块，从而将其电力产生增加至12％。此外，俘获器中的最高温度低于90°C，从而避免了传统太阳能热系统的典型停滞和夏季沸腾的问题。由于高性能，只有3-4岁就可以获得投资回报。
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Trigeneration（CCHP结合冷却，加热和电力）集成热电联产系统的自然演化，同时生产电能，热和冷，使用单个植物的单一源性源（燃料）。三合化器在热电联合厂组成，与吸收冷却器相结合，用于生产用于工业用途的冷水。吸收冷却装置设计用于使用热温或热水作为主要能源。它们对环境产生零影响，因为它们不会释放任何污染气体。通过将它们与胆汁器组合来，可以使用否则将分散到环境中的热量。吸收式冷却器可以在约大约的温度下生产冷却水。7°C，符合大多数制冷系统的需求。冷却的水可用于夏季的环境，民用和工业空调，并通过交流发电机生产可再生电能。
