无菌技术,符合流程和植物的优化

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如果是食品加工行业的主要目的是保护可能恶化其营养性质和患有人类健康的可能后果的异物的食物,同样真实的是,一个人不能不能归咎于其他其他功能到现代食品加工和包装方法。因此,除健康和卫生外,还应考虑到这些流程的社会和经济功能。事实上,保存技术也允许食物消费也在地点和不同于生产的时间,这易于理解的经济和社会影响:现代保存和包装技术允许满足现代生活的需求提供消费者即可使用的产品,每当希望时,可以在很短的时间内消费。In this scenario, technological innovations in the field of aseptic packaging play a major role because they aim both at sanitary and socio-economic goals: improvement of products’ organoleptic and nutritional properties, major safety from the microbiological point of view, as well as better distribution and marketing of preserving industry products.

一点点历史

无菌包装代表了食品加工工业生产和商业部门的一场真正的革命:只要想想brik和tetra饮料消费的增加,就能理解这项技术对现代社会的影响。这项技术的成功是由于过程的最终结果:无菌过程的效率允许保留所有产品的风味和营养成分,使最终产品的质量是造成比传统热过程。多年来,随着技术的变化,术语也有了发展,“无菌”一词不再仅仅指一种特定类型的包装,而是指一种真正的技术,其中产品的制备、灭菌和包装是严格相互依赖的,根据产品本身和容器的特点进行选择组合。还有更多。近年来,甚至包装行业也经历了重大发展,这与市场需要处理货架寿命长、防腐剂含量低、感官特性越来越好的产品有关。考虑到这些要求,工厂变得越来越复杂。然而,研究仍在努力面对现有植物的局限性。许多需求之一是为正确的产品找到正确的系统,努力解决目前突出的缺点。

最先进的

导致无菌包装技术成功的原因很清楚:这项技术使得能够保持食物的安全性,新鲜度,味道,颜色和营养性能,而不会冷静下来,而不会使它们和不使用防腐剂。这是可能的,因为无菌包装系统在包装过程中确保食物和包装材料对细菌的含量。这就是为什么生产链中的任何元素必须制造商业无菌:食品,包装材料,所有机械和进行包装的环境。目前,市场上有非常复杂的装置:它们包括产品灭菌和冷却部分,集装箱灭菌部分,以及容器填充和关闭的无菌系统。在这些过程中,主要难度在于填充所谓的异质产品,其具有液体和固相。在这方面,对于非均相产物的无菌包装的大多数植物基本上是两种类型的:单电路 - 其中固定液体混合物被处理并提取,如它是单相 - 和双电路 - 其中液体和固体处理在单独的线上发生,并且混合仅在填充包装之前立即进行。然而,异质产品的无菌包装具有与液体和固相之间的差异有关的问题。其中,在治疗过程中存在固体部分的风险,两相之间分离的风险,两相之间的抵抗力之间的时间差。这些困难使研究寻找创新的技术解决方案,以实现流程优化。

未来的情景

在无菌包装过程中,填充阶段被认为是从卫生的角度来看最精致的,以及对系统的实际质量和产量最相关的一个。随着时间的推移,使用最广泛的填充技术是体积之一,使用电磁流量计。然而,该技术具有局限性,特别是当与具有高粘度和含有件的流体一起使用时。在这些情况下,体积填充难以管理:因此,如果与传统系统相比,研究人员目前正在努力评估从实际的角度改进的新可能填充系统,并且能够更好地保留产品的感官特性件。进一步的问题,其中学术和非学术机构都致力于找到新的解决方案的旨在优化整个过程:通过产品灭菌来填充包装。这种方法需要总体考虑整个包装系统,并意味着改变与整个工厂的尺寸和比例相关的设计参数。换句话说,应该考虑的过程作为一个整体,因此,要包装的容器和产品的灭菌相连接到填充阶段。虽然共同目标是无菌灌装前的微生物负荷的消除,灭菌类型有很大的不同。包装不得提供热苛刻的灭菌,因此必须识别一种技术,可确保安全消除任何残留的外来物质,与低能量消耗相连,并回复消毒溶液的再利用和再循环。 Instead, food product sterilization is currently carried out through HTST or UHT thermal cycles; to preserve the organoleptic qualities of the product it must be currently over-processed to ensure sterility of any contained pieces. Therefore, a further issue to be researched and experimented is to find possible solutions for sterilization, such as the ohmic one, the one characterized by high pressure and the one occurring through ionizing radiation. Among these, it is worth emphasizing that it is not possible to tell which one is the best; it will rather be probably possible to assign to each product the most suitable technology, obtained also through a combination of the existing ones. As for the sterilization of contents, the current state of the art provides for a type of sterilization based on spraying the container with liquid sterilizing agents made of hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and peracetic acid; currently deployed plants provide mechanical cams to allow the nozzle penetrating into the container, which places limits both in the realization of some recipes, and in the use of all bottle profiles on the market. Research is therefore focused on new packaging systems for low-acid products with container sterilization system, closures and sterilizations for internal and external components based on hydrogen peroxide vaporization technologies, which would allow not only optimizing the process, but also to verify the sterilizing effect to ensure food traceability and safety. Another aspect which is influencing technological innovation is the definition of a new production process for food sterilization, resulting in the creation of new production facilities and the replacement of food packaging in tinplate and glass with innovative polymer or multilayer packaging. Placing products in pieces in the latter type of containers is not currently possible due to the disintegration caused by the traditional heat treatment for sterilization and the process for containers filling. The technological innovation would consist in the development of a new production process for product sterilization and aseptic containers filling, obtainable through heat generation, for example through endogenous method. This would make it possible to achieve a very rapid and uniform sterilization of products in process, using significantly lower energies than the traditional ones in order to obtain microbiological stability. And there is more. In this way, sterilization would minimize product deterioration, both from the organoleptic and aesthetic point of view. This is not a goal to be underestimated, since many products under aseptic packaging are designed for catering.

当前的解决方案

在最现代的解决方案中,欧姆加热扮演了一个重要的角色,它可以通过在固体中产生热量来加热高固体含量的食物(酱汁、蜜饯、腌菜、水果沙拉)。这样就可以避免母液受热而导致产品表面过热,导致产品的味道丧失和颜色变化。因此,通过使用无菌系统,该过程可以统一烹饪和灭菌阶段。欧姆加热装置包括两个部分:非常规欧姆加热部分和无菌包装部分。在欧姆加热器中,产品通过交流电流在工艺温度下逐渐加热;经过巴氏杀菌/灭菌后,产品进入无菌包装区,准备上市。应用这些系统的困难在于对特定产品的校准过程,从几乎新鲜的温和消毒(水果和蔬菜)到传统的调味品处理,以保留家庭产品(酱料)的芳香和感官特征。这些系统的优势显然是简化和优化的过程,这导致了成本的降低和工厂的规模。

由EmanuelaStìfano.

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